Introduction Type 2 diabetes and obesity are growing global health concerns. Between 2017 and 2020, 62.8% of US adults with diabetes also had obesity (body mass index [BMI] ≥30), which is approximately 17 million individuals.1 These metabolic disorders, characterized by insulin resistance, oxidative stress, and chronic inflammation, contribute to neurodegeneration.2 The 2024 Lancet Commission on Dementia identified diabetes (relative risk, 1.7) and obesity (relative risk, 1.3) as modifiable dementia risk factors,3 with their population-attributable fractions increasing over time.4 Patients with both conditions face an elevated risk of neurodegenerative and cerebrovascular diseases, including dementia, Parkinson disease, and stroke.5 Large cohort studies investigating the neuroprotective properties of antidiabetic drugs have suggested that glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) are among the most promising antidiabetic drugs in reducing dementia risk.6-8 First approved for type 2 diabetes treatment in 2005, GLP-1RAs have transformed diabetes and obesity management by improving glycemic control, weight loss, and cardiovascular outcomes.9,10 Semaglutide and tirzepatide are newer-generation agents with superior metabolic benefits compared with earlier GLP-1RAs, such as exenatide, liraglutide, lixisenatide, and dulaglutide.11 Semaglutide, a long-acting GLP-1RA with high receptor affinity, was approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for type 2 diabetes as Ozempic (Eli Lilly) in 2017 and Rybelsus (Novo Nordisk) in 2019 and for weight management as Wegovy (Novo Nordisk) in 2021.12 Tirzepatide, a dual GLP-1 and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide receptor agonist, was approved for type 2 diabetes as Mounjaro (Eli Lilly) in 2022 and for obesity as Zepbound (Eli Lilly) in 2023.