Longitudinal Analysis of Obesity Drug Use and Public Awareness

Longitudinal Analysis of Obesity Drug Use and Public Awareness
Introduction Obesity is increasingly recognized as a chronic disease that may lead to numerous and severe health complications, including type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, chronic kidney disease, hepatic steatosis, and certain types of cancer.1 The prevalence of obesity, defined as body mass index (calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared) of at least 30, has reached alarming levels globally within the past decades.2 For the US, age-adjusted prevalence of obesity has increased from 30.5% in 1999-2000 to 42.4% in 2017-2018.3 Even more striking, the prevalence of very severe obesity (defined as BMI ≥40) has markedly increased from 4.7% to 9.2% during these periods.3 Several analyses underscore that obesity-related conditions are a major contributor to all-cause mortality and increasing health care costs.4 Amid escalating efforts to combat the obesity epidemic, pharmaceutical interventions have become essential components of obesity treatment. Traditional approaches, such as adopting a healthy diet and engaging in regular physical activity, have demonstrated limitations in achieving sustained weight loss and reducing associated comorbidities such as type 2 diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and cardiovascular disease.5-8 While older therapies such as phentermine have limited efficacy, newer obesity management drugs (OMDs) have demonstrated robust efficacy in clinical trials, offering new therapeutic options for treating obesity.9 In particular, the glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) approved for weight loss, including liraglutide (Saxenda; Novo Nordisk) in 2014 and semaglutide (Wegovy; Novo Nordisk) in 2021, have emerged as a highly effective drug class.


